纽约大学图书馆可重复性研究支持服务的分析及启示

通过网络调查和内容分析，从服务对象、服务内容、人员配置和服务设施等方面对纽约大学图书馆可重复性研究支持服务进行调研分析，并在此基础上总结其服务特点，提出研究型图书馆应积极应对研究领域的“可重复性危机”，倡导开放科学和可重复性研究，加强基础设施建设和开发应用软件，开展嵌入科研过程的可重复性研究培训和咨询，以期为提升研究的可重复性做出贡献。     

Vaccine innovation model: A technology transfer perspective in pandemic contexts

This work identifies the innovations that made it possible for the Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz Immunobiological Technology Institute to engage in the entire production of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCov-19) in Brazil, just 1.8 years after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. The results were summarized in a case-based innovation model composed of 11 workstreams, 32 stages, 22 gates, 11 innovations, and 38 events. In terms of research contributions, three were found: (i) the identification of firm and government-level innovations allowing the substantial reduction in the COVID-19 vaccine time-to-market in Brazil; (ii) the presentation of empirical evidence supporting the new Outbreak Paradigm for vaccine research, development, and production; and (iii) the proposition of a conceptual model for describing innovations through the vaccine value chain in pandemic contexts, particularly when technology transfer is involved.     

A benchmark dose study of prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and behavioral problems in children

IntroductionPrenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to be associated with adverse effects on neurodevelopment that yield behavior syndromes in young children with an estimated median exposure lower than the currently recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) and reference dose (RfD).ObjectivesOur aim was to derive the benchmark dose for prenatal exposure to DEHP for the neurodevelopmental health in children.MethodsA total of 122 mother-child pairs from the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study were analyzed for the dose-response relationship between maternal exposure to DEHP and children's behavioral syndromes evaluated at 8 years (n = 122, 2009), 11 years (n = 96, 2012), and 14 years (n = 78, 2015) of age. We employed a multivariate regression model to assess the statistical associations between the estimated maternal average daily intake of DEHP and child's individual CBCL scores for boys and girls at each separate age, followed by a mixed model for all the children across three ages accounting for individual variations. We then employed structural equation models by combining the children's specific behavioral problem scores at different ages and obtained a simulated overall latent score in relation to maternal exposure. Based on the established dose-response relationship, we derived the benchmark dose (BMD) and the lower limit (BMDL).ResultsAssociations of maternal DEHP exposure (median 4.54$\mu g/kg\_bw/day$) with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were all significant, except for somatic complaints, adjusting for child's age, gender, IQ, and family income. The BMDL, given a benchmark response of 0.10 (0.05) and a background response of 0.05, was 6.01 (2.16) $\mu g/kg\_bw/day$for an integrated CBCL score.ConclusionsThe current TDI (RfD) of 50 (20) $\mu g/kg\_bw/day$ for DEHP might not protect pregnant women for their children from behavioral problems. There remains the lack of comparable toxicological data. Further investigations are needed.     

益母草对子宫的药理作用研究进展

益母草是著名的经产良药,具有"调经"功效,自古以来是治疗妇人"经产带下"之良药。子宫是益母草"调经"功效的重点靶器官。本文通过对益母草对子宫的药理作用研究进行梳理,显示益母草对子宫有双向调节子宫收缩活动、调节子宫肌电、保护子宫内膜和促进子宫内膜复旧、抗子宫内膜炎等多种作用,其作用的发挥与益母草的入药品种与炮制、提取成分和子宫状态密切相关。本文对指导益母草质量提升和临床应用有参考意义。     

益母草属萜类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

益母草属植物中的化合物类型多样、结构丰富,其中萜类化合物是目前发现数量最多的一类,同时具有广泛的生物活性。因此,作者对益母草属萜类化合物及其药理活性进行总结归纳,为该属萜类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。